The Sophistication of the Brain Essay -- Neurology

To what extent is it true that the brain is a sophisticated information processor?The human brain is the almost important part of the nervous system. The brain along with the spinal cord makes up the central nervous system and together they control all of the luggage compartments important functions, such as labor functions, speech, vision, hearing and also involuntary functions like breathing. Many of these functions are localised to a specific field of battle of the cerebrum. The cerebrum is split into four lobes the frontal, parietal, temporal and occipital lobes, which are specialised to carry out their different roles. The cortex is divided into two hemispheres the left hemisphere is associated with motor control, speech and language functions and logic whereas the right hemisphere is linked to spatial perception and creativity.Communication in the brain occurs via neurons which transmit galvanizing impulses to other neurons by neural conduction (Wickens, 2009). They are co nnected by synapses which are small gaps between two nerve cells. There are approximately one billion neurons in the brain (Wickens, 2009), meaning that there are even more synapses. Synapses allow electrical impulses to be passed from neurone to neurone as chemical messages in the form of neurotransmitters, since electrical messages cannot cross the synapse.Cognitivism was developed in the 1960s to help explain what behaviourism and the biological perspective could not. It aims to find out how conscious thought processes can excise behaviours. The theory likens the processes of the mind to the way in which a computer processes information. The modularity of the mind theory was mentioned by Jerry Fodor in his 1983 book Modularity of Mind. He suggests that the mind is compos... ...splayed on the screen. However, the brain is not as fast as a computer when completing tasks that involve calculations or retrieving information from the stores. Nevertheless it is capable of understandi ng emotions and storing entropy by the depth of processing. It can encode semantically which does not require rehearsal and allows memories to be retrieved easily without cues.Works CitedBaddeley, A. (2000). The episodic buffer a bare-ass component of working memory? Trends in cognitive Science. 4 (11) 417423.Jarvis, M. (2000) Theoretical Approaches in Psychology. East Sussex Routledge.Lytton, W. W. (2002). From Computer to Brain Foundations of Computational Neuroscience. New York Springer-VerlagParkin, A.J. (2000) Essential Cognitive Psychology. Sussex Psychology Press.Wickens, A. (2009) Foundations of Biopsychology. 2nd ed. Essex Pearson Education.

Lorraine Hansberrys A Raisin In The Sun Essay -- essays research pap

Conflict in A Raisin in the Sun& vitamin A9In the play A Raisin in the Sun, the playwright Lorraine Hansberry depicts the life of an impoverished African American family brisk on the south side of Chicago. The Youngers, living in a small apartment and having dreams larger than the world in which the live, often use verbal abuse as a way to button their problems. Many times, this verbal abuse leads to unnecessary conflict within the family. The most frequently depicted conflict is that between Walter and his sister Beneatha. Walter wants nothing more than to be a wealthy entrepreneur that can provide for his family, while Beneatha plans to go to medical school and become a doctor. Both characters are opposed to the others dreams. This competition creates serious conflict within the Younger household, and specifically among Walter, Beneatha, and Mama.&9During the course of the play, conflicts between Beneath and her brother Walter are revealed. Walter thinks that his sister shou ld be a mainstream woman and not have great dreams and ambitions for her life. "Who the hell told you you had to be a doctor? If you so crazy bout messing round with sick people - thusly go be a nurse like other women - or just get married an be quiet" (38). This passage shows that Walter is clearly a chauvinist, and does not believe in his sisters desire to be a doctor. Similarly, Beneatha does not believe in Walters aspirations of becoming a rich entrepreneur, and thinks he is rather...

Ritz Carlton Background :: essays research papers

The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company has achieved so much fame in their marketplace that they have attain what is referred to as The Ritz Mystique. Among the grand hotels of the world, The Ritz-Carlton hotels and resorts are famous for luxury, spectacular surroundings and legendary service. They have gained this title with dedication and award-winning hotels that reflect the 100 years of customs that stand behind them. Discovering the fascinating history of Ritz-Carlton hotels, illustrates their commitment on relentless training to improve their quality in service and their strategy. Ritz-Carlton has achieved a Gold warning of value and philosophy by which they operate. The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company, L.L.C. originates with the 1983 purchase of The Ritz-Carlton, Boston by William B. Johnson, and the purchase of rights to The Ritz-Carlton name. The standards of service, dining and facilities of this Boston turning point serve as a benchmark for wholly Ritz-Carlton hotels and resorts wo rldwide.In 1927, Edward N. Wyner, a local Boston real estate developer, was asked to build a world-class hotel. Wyner agreed because he knew The Ritz-Carlton name would secure immediate success. He received permission from The Ritz-Carlton Investing Company and the Paris Ritz for use of the name and set out to create luxury in the heart of Boston.Edward Wyner died in 1961. However, the Ritz legacy endured with Charles Ritz, son of Cesar Ritz, who was an active board member of The Ritz-Carlton until his death in 1977. In 1983, Blakely sold the hotel and the rights to The Ritz-Carlton name to William B. Johnson, who established The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company.The company has grown a collection of the finest hotels somewhat the world since. Several of these hotels are historic landmarks, following a commitment of The Ritz-Carlton Hotel Company to preserving architecturally important buildings. One of these examples is The Ritz-Carlton, Huntington Hotel & Spa.As a famous Pasadena landm ark for nearly 100 years, the Huntington Hotel went through many owners and stages to get where they are today. The hotel was finished with its final rebuilding and renovating stages and re clear as The Ritz-Carlton, Huntington Hotel in March 1991. Originally the hotel was constructed in 1906 and opened in February 1907 as the Hotel Wentworth. Financial problems and a disappointing first season forced the Hotel Wentworth to go out of business. Railroad tycoon and art collector atomic number 1 Huntington purchased the Hotel Wentworth in 1911, renaming it the Huntington Hotel.

Medicare Cutbacks :: essays research papers

Medi fretfulness CutbacksPoliticians, hospital administrators, doctors, and union leaders across the country ar scrambling to reverse Medicare policy that has cut off, and provide continue to cut off, billions of dollars from the health care industry and force cutbacks in critical medical exam services. The combination of rising cost in the health care industry and the diminishing Medicare payments are predicted to result in devastating effects to many aspects of the sector. Physicians, treatment facilities, medical training institutions, as well as beneficiaries are all vulnerable to the adverse effects of Medicare cutbacks. Nationwide, hospitals willing lose approximately $1.6 billion annually once new Medicare cuts go into place on October 1, 2002. The cutbacks contained in the fiscal year 2003 budget will present a substantial challenge in the days lying ahead for the programs 550,000 participating physicians and its 39 million beneficiaries (Haugh, 2002). In the resent day s of staffing crisiss, liability insurance price hikes, and the overall elevating cost of providing healthcare, the Medicare cutbacks could not acquire come at a more awkward time for health care officials. Medicare payment reductions have become the added fuel in the industries financial crisis fire.I. IntroductionA. What the projected cutbacks are.B. What prompted the cutbacks?1. Balanced Budget Act of 1997C. Who will be effected by the cutbacks?II. Impact on Physicians and private practiceA. Reimbursement rate deductionB. Medicare participation decline1. 17 percent of family physician have stopped taking new Medicare patients (Inglehart, 2002).III. Impact on HospitalsA. Disproportional-share hospital payment reductionB. Reimbursement rate reductionIV. Impact on training hospitalsA. Indirect medical education payment adjustmentsB. Importance of training facility funding V. Impact on beneficiariesA. Good v. Bad1. More funds available for new programs such(prenominal) as drug bene fits. 2. Limited access to care. 3. Limited choices.VI. ConclusionReferencesAssociation of American Medical Colleges. (2002, May 15). Health care leaders urge sexual intercourse to stop medicare cuts to teaching hospitals. Retrieved September 10, 2002, from http//www.aamc.org/newsroom/Pressrel/ 2002/020515.htmCenters for Medicare & Medicaid. (2002, September 5). Hospital outpatient prospective payment system. Retrieved September 11, 2002, from http//cms.hhs.gov/regulations/hopps/ Haugh, R. (2002, April). Dr. discontent. Hospitals & Health Networks, 34-42.Haugh, R. (2002, March). Feeling the pressure?. Hospitals & Health Networks, 42-45.Hernandez, R. (2001, May 14). A big alliance tries to head off cuts in medicare Electronic version.

Rating Othello Essay example -- Othello essays

Rating Othello Is this Shakespe bean tragedy Othello at the top of the rating chart, or is it just set about the top? And why? This essay intends to examine various aspects of this subject, along with critical opinion. This bunk ranks near the top. The Bards presentation of emotions, character, of good and evil actions that argon down-to-earth these are sometimes seen as the main reasons for the high ranking of Othello. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in The Engaging Qualities of Othello maintain that the popularity of this lay out has been consistent for about 400 age because it treats emotions that are universal and persistent in human nature. Its characters do not exist on a plane far removed from ordinary conduct we are not asked to witness the conflict of kings and conspirators beyond the experience of everyday people we are not involved in the consequences of disasters on a cosmic scale what we witness is a struggle between good and evil, the demonstration of l ove, tenderness, jealousy, and hate in terms that are humanly plausible. (126) The realistic aspect of the play presents a full range of characters, a full range of emotions, a full range of motivations, a full range of actions just as are present in real society. The down-to-earth, realistic consideration is very important to Othellos enduring popularity. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews Echo Each Other ranks the play Othello quite high among the Bards tragedies Othello, written in 1604, is one of the masterpieces of Shakespeares tragic period. In splendor of language, and in the sheer power of the story, it belongs with the greatest. only when some of its admirers find it too savage . . .. (1... ...d Nothing. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespeare. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The galvanising Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

Rating Othello Essay example -- Othello essays

Rating Othello Is this Shakespe bean tragedy Othello at the top of the rating chart, or is it just undecomposed the top? And why? This essay intends to examine various aspects of this subject, along with critical opinion. This drama ranks near the top. The Bards presentation of emotions, character, of good and evil actions that are down-to-earth these are sometimes seen as the main reasons for the high ranking of Othello. Louis B. Wright and Virginia A. LaMar in The Engaging Qualities of Othello maintain that the popularity of this extend has been consistent for about 400 eld because it treats emotions that are universal and persistent in human nature. Its characters do not exist on a plane far removed from ordinary feel we are not asked to witness the conflict of kings and conspirators beyond the experience of everyday people we are not involved in the consequences of disasters on a cosmic scale what we witness is a struggle between good and evil, the demonstration of lo ve, tenderness, jealousy, and hate in terms that are humanly plausible. (126) The realistic aspect of the play presents a full range of characters, a full range of emotions, a full range of motivations, a full range of actions just as are present in real society. The down-to-earth, realistic consideration is very important to Othellos enduring popularity. Francis Ferguson in Two Worldviews Echo Each Other ranks the play Othello quite high among the Bards tragedies Othello, written in 1604, is one of the masterpieces of Shakespeares tragic period. In splendor of language, and in the sheer power of the story, it belongs with the greatest. only some of its admirers find it too savage . . .. (1... ...d Nothing. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Heilman, Robert B. The Role We Give Shakespeare. Essays on Shakespeare. Ed. Gerald Chapman. Princeton, NJ Princeton University Press, 1965. Levin, Harry. General Introduction. The R iverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Co., 1974. Shakespeare, William. Othello. In The galvanizing Shakespeare. Princeton University. 1996. http//www.eiu.edu/multilit/studyabroad/othello/othello_all.html No line nos. Wright, Louis B. and Virginia A. LaMar. The Engaging Qualities of Othello. Readings on The Tragedies. Ed. Clarice Swisher. San Diego Greenhaven Press, 1996. Rpt. from Introduction to The Tragedy of Othello, the Moor of Venice by William Shakespeare. N. p. Simon and Schuster, Inc., 1957.

Enhanced Pattern Discovery For Text Mining Using Effective Pattern Deploying and Pattern Evaluation Techniques

Enhanced form denudation For Text Mining victimisation Effective figure of speech Deploying and intent Evaluation Techniques.Abstract-Text minelaying has been an ineluctable information excavation technique. There be dissimilar methods for schoolbook excavation, One of the most successful will be exploit utilizing the effectual chassiss.Datamining has become an adaptative method for recovering utile information in big database. This paper gives the brief thought about the textbook excavation by find of effectual forms. As our system mickles with form ( phrase ) ground and which overcomes the border based method ( attack ) .The procedure of updating unmistakable can be referred as pattern rating. This attack can better the impartiality of measuring shape weights because notice forms are more specific than the self-colored text files. In our proposed system effectual pattern find technique include the procedure of form deploying and form evolving, for happening the relevant information.Key rule books Text excavation, Text Classification, praxis Deploying, Pattern Evolving.I.INTRODUCTIONText Mining is the find by computing machine of new, antecedently unknown information, by automatically pull outing and associating information from different written resources, to uncover otherwise concealed meanings.Knowledge find can be viewed as the procedure of nontrivial extraction of information from big databases, information that is implicitly presented in the information, antecedently unknown and potentially utile for users. Data excavation is hence an indispensable measure in the procedure of cognition find in databases. In the past decennary, a important figure of informations mining techniques have been presented in order to execute different cognition undertakings. These techniques include tie-up regulation excavation, condescend item chastise excavation, consecutive form excavation, maximal form excavation, and unopen form miningText excava tion is the find of interesting cognition in text paperss. It is a ambitious appear to happen accurate cognition ( or characteristics ) in text paperss to assist users to happen what they want.With a big figure of forms generated by utilizing informations excavation attacks, how to efficaciously habituate and update these forms is still an unfastened research issue. In this paper, we focus on the development of a cognition find theoretical chronicle to efficaciously practice and update the discovered forms and use it to the field of text excavation.The advantages of term based methods include efficient computational humankind presentation every bit comfortably as mature theories for term weighting, which have emerged over the last two near of decennaries from the IR and machine acquisition communities. However, term based methods suffer from the jobs of lexical ambiguity and synonymity, where lexical ambiguity means a word has multiple significances, and synonymity is multipl e words retention the same significance. The semantic significance of m any(prenominal) discovered footings is unsure for replying what users want.Finding effectual and utile forms is remains a disputing task.Our proposed work presents an effectual form find technique, which foremost calculates ascertained specificities of forms and so evaluates term weights harmonizing to the statistical distri only whenion of footings in the ascertained forms instead than the distribution in paperss for work outing the misunderstanding job. It besides considers the influence of forms from the negative preparation illustrations to happen equivocal ( cacophonous ) forms and seek to cut run through their influence for the low-frequency job. The procedure of updating equivocal forms can be referred as pattern development. The proposed attack can better the truth of measuring term weights because discovered forms are more specific than whole paperss.II. RELATED WORKHere we are suggesting a form taxo nomy theoretical delineate. former(a) different form excavation methods are Sequential forms, Sequential closed forms, frequent item solidifications, usual closed point sets. All these provide similar cases but on depending on preciseness and remember our method stand manner apart. Recently, we have seen the ebullient visual aspect of really big heterogenous full-text papers aggregations, available for any terminal user. The assortment of users wants is wide. The user may necessitate an overall position of the papers aggregation what subjects are covered, what sort of paperss exists, are the paperss someways related, and so on. On the other manus, the user may desire to i?nd a specii?c piece of information content. At the other extreme, some users may be interested in the linguistic communication itself. A common characteristic for all the undertakings mentioned is that the user does non cognize precisely what he/she is look for. Hence, a information excavation attack should be appropriate, because by dei?nition it is detecting interesting regularities or exclusions from the informations, perchance without a precise focal point.Surprisingly plenty, just a few illustrations of informations excavation in text, or text excavation, are available. Their attack, nevertheless, requires a significant sum of background cognition, and is non relevant as such(prenominal) to text analysis in general. An attack more similar to ours has been employ in the PatentMiner System for detecting tendencies among patents. In this paper, we show that general informations excavation methods are applicable to text analysis undertakings we besides present a general model for text excavation. The model follows the general cognition find ( KDD ) procedure.III. PROPOSED SYSTEMDocuments PreprocessingPattern Taxonomy modelinging2.1 customary and closed forms2.2 Pattern Taxonomy2.3 Closed Sequential PatternsPattern Deploying3.1 Representation of Closed Forms3.2 D-Pattern MiningInner Pattern EvolutionSysten ArchitectureFirst choose the RCV1 dataset for Document Preprocessing.After preprocessing papers goes through pattern taxonomy mold and patterndeploying.pattern taxonomy patterning consist ofFrequent and closed form, pattern taxonomy and closed consecutive pattern.after the completion of pattern taxonomy it goes through the form deploying procedure by utilizing D form excavation algorithmwe found the intimate pattern rating.Finally we got the effectual forms for acquiring utile information from the papers.1.Documents PreprocessingDocuments preprocessing is required to happen existent footings booked in the papers. Preprocessing removes unwanted text from papers, which reduces the size of paperss. Preprocessing involves following stairss1 ) Stop-word remotionStop-words are those words that occur often, but holding no conceptual significance. For illustration a , at , is , of , the etc. There are 100s of make words, which increase the size with no conceptual significance.2 ) Non-word remotionNon-words are punctuation Markss, which have to be removed from papers. These words besides occurs often and holding no conceptual significance.3 ) StemingStemmingis the procedure for cut downing inflected ( or sometimes derived ) words to their root, base orrootformgenerally a written word signifier. Steming is achieved utilizing Porters Algorithm.A preprocessed papers is so used for farther processing.2. Pattern Taxonomy ModelingAll paperss are split into paragraphs. So a granted papersvitamin Doutputs a set of paragraphs PS (vitamin D) . permit D be a preparation set of paperss, which consists of a set of positive paperss, D+ and a set of negative paperss, D. Let T = T1, T2tm be a set of footings ( or keywords ) which can be extracted from the set of positive paperss, D+.2.1 Frequent and Closed FormsGiven a termset ex in papers vitamin D,Tenis used to denote the covering set of Ten forvitamin D, which includes all paragraphs dpa?S PS (vitami n D) such thatTen?displaced person, i.e. ,Ten= dpdpa?S PS (vitamin D) Its absolute support is the figure of happenings of X in PS (vitamin D) , that is supa( Ten ) =Ten . Its comparative support is the fraction of the paragraphs that contain the form, that is supR( Ten ) = Ten / PS (vitamin D) . A termset Ten is called frequent form if its swallowR( or supa) & A gt = min_sup, a marginal support. Given a termset X, its covering setTenis a subset of paragraphs. Similarly, given a set of paragraphs Y ?PS (vitamin D) , we can specify its termset, which satisfies termset Y= t ?displaced persona?SYttrium& A gt = t a?Sdisplaced personThe ratiocination of X is defined as followsChlorine( Ten ) =termset (Ten)A form X ( atermset ) is called closed if and merely if X =Chlorine( Ten ) . Let X be a closed form. We can turn out that swallowa( Ten1) & A gt swallowa( Ten ) For all forms X1a?S X otherwise, if, swallowa( Ten1) = swallowa( Ten ) we have,X1=Ten.where, supa(X1) and swallowa( Ten) are the absolute support of formX1andTen, severally.2.2Pattern TaxonomyForms can be structured into a taxonomy by utilizing theis-a ( or subset ) relation. A term with a higher tf*idf value could be meaningless if it has non cited by some d-patterns ( of import move in paperss ) . The rating of term weights ( supports ) is different to the normal term-based attacks. In the term-based attacks, the rating of term weights is based on the distribution of footings in paperss. In this research, footings are weighted harmonizing to their visual aspects in discovered closed forms.2.3 Closed Sequential PatternsGiven a form ( an ordered termset ) Ten in papers vitamin D,Tenis still used to denote the covering set of X, which includes all paragraphPSa?S PS (vitamin D) . such that X ?ps, i.e. ,Ten= pspsa?S PS ( vitamin D ) X ?ps .Its absolute support is the figure of happenings of X in PS ( vitamin D ) , that is supa( Ten ) = Ten .Its comparative support is the fraction of the paragra phs that contain the form, that is, swallowR( Ten ) = Ten / PS (vitamin D) .A consecutive form X is called frequent form if its comparative support ( or absolute support ) & A gt =min_sup, a minimal support. The belongings of closed forms can be used to specify closed sequential forms. A frequent consecutive form X is called closed if non ? any ace form X1of X such that swallowa( X1 ) =supa( Ten ) .2. Pattern DeployingIn order to utilize the semantic information in the form taxonomy to better the public presentation of closed forms in text excavation, we need to construe discovered forms by sum uping them as d-pattern in order to accurately measure term weights ( supports ) . The rational behind this motive is that d-patterns include more semantic significance than footings that are selected based on a term-based technique ( e.g. , tf*idf ) . Asa consequence, a term with a higher tf*idf value could be meaningless if it has non cited by some d-patterns ( some of import parts in pap erss ) . The rating of term weights ( supports ) is different to the normal term-based attacks. In the term-based attacks, the ratings of term weights are based on the distribution of footings in paperss. In this research, footings are weighted harmonizing to their visual aspects in discovered closed forms.3.1 Representations of Closed FormsIt is multiform to deduce a method to use ascertained forms in text paperss for information filtrating systems. To simplify this procedure, we foremost review the composing operation a defined. Let P1and P2be sets of term-number braces. P1aP2is called the composing of P1and P2which satisfiesWhere is the wild card that matches any figure. For the particular instance we have p a O= P and the operands of the composing operation are interchangeable. The consequence of the composing is still a set of term-number braces.Formally, for all positive paperss vitamin DIa?S D+, we foremost deploy its closed forms on a common set of footingsThyminein order to obtain the undermentioned d-patterns ( deployed forms, non-sequential leaden forms ) Where Tijin brace ( Tij, Nij) denotes a individual term and Nijis its support in vitamin DIwhich is the entire absolute supports given by closed forms that contain Tsij or nijis the entire figure of closed forms that contain Tsij4. Inner Pattern EvolutionIn this Module, we discuss how to reshuffle supports of footings within normal signifiers of d-patterns based on negative paperss in the preparation set. The technique will be utile to cut down the side effects of noisy forms because of the low-frequency job. This technique is called inside(prenominal) form development here, because it merely changes a patterns term supports within the pattern.A threshold is normally used to sort paperss into relevant or remote classs. Using the d-patterns, the threshold can be defined of course as followsA noise negative papers neodymium in Dis a negative papers that the system falsely identified as a positive , that is weight (neodymium) & A gt = Threshold ( DP ) . In order to cut down the noise, we need to track which d-patterns have been used to give rise to such an mistake. We call these forms wrongdoers ofneodymium.An wrongdoer of neodymium is a d-pattern that has at least one term inneodymium. The set of wrongdoers of neodymium is defined byThe chief procedure of inner pattern development is implemented by the algorithm IP Evolving. The inputs of this algorithm are a set of d-patternsDisplaced person, a preparation set D = D+U D..IV. DecisionHence we conclude here that the proposed system trade with effectual form find utilizing pattern deployement and form germinating to polish the ascertained form in text papers. Previous informations excavation technique used the association regulation excavation, frequent itemset excavation, consecutive form excavation, maximal form excavation, and closed form mining.It have the job of low frequence and deficiency of power in support.Hence, mi sunderstandings of forms derived from informations mining techniques lead to the uneffective public presentation.In this proposed system, an effectual form find technique has been proposed to get the better of the low frequence and misunderstanding jobs for text excavation. The proposed technique uses two procedures, pattern deploying and form evolving, which helpful in happening the effectual form sequences for big text paperss. The experimental consequences show that the proposed theoretical account performs non merely other pure informations mining-based methods and the construct based theoretical account, but besides term-based theoretical accounts..Mentions 1 Y. Huang and S. Lin, Mining Sequential Patterns Using GraphSearch Techniques , Proc. 27th Ann. Intl Computer Software and Applications Conf. , pp. 4-9, 2003. 2 S.-T. Wu, Y. Li, Y. Xu, B. Pham and P. Chen, Automatic Pattern-Taxonomy Extraction for Web Mining , Proc. IEEE/WIC/ACM Intl Conf. Web Intelligence 2004. 3 C . Zhai, A. Velivelli, and B. Yu, A cross-collection mixture theoretical account for comparative text excavation In Proceedings of the 2004 ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge find and information excavation. 4 S.T.Wu, Y. Li, and Y. Xu, An effectual deploying algorithm for utilizing pattern-taxonomy , In iiWAS05, pages 10131022,2005. 5 Qiaozhu Mei and ChengXiangZhai Department of Computer Science , Detecting Evolutionary Theme Patterns from Text An Exploration of Temporal Text Mining , 2006. 6 S.-T. Wu, Y. Li, and Y. Xu, Deploying Approaches for Pattern Refinement in Text Mining, Proc. IEEE Sixth Intl Conf. Data Mining ( 2006. 7 N. Jindal and B. Liu. Identifying Comparative Sentences in Text Documents, Proc. 29th Ann. Intl ACM SIGIR Conf. Research and knowledge in Information Retrieval , 2006. 8 Hiroki Arimura Department of Informatics, Kyushu University, Fukuoka 812 8581, Japan PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Corporation , Text Data Mining wit h Optimized Pattern Discovery ,2006. 9 P. Tan, M. Steinbach, and V. Kumar. Introduction to Data Mining, Pearson, Boston , 2006. 10 Deploying Approaches for Pattern Refinement in Text Mining , Sheng-Tang Wu Yuefeng Li YueXu, ( 2006 ) . 11 Knowledge find utilizing pattern taxonomy theoretical account in text excavation , Sheng-Tang Wu,2007 12 Andrew J. Torget, RadaMihalcea, Jon Christensen, Geoff McGhee, Maping texts uniting Text-mining and Geo-Visualiazation to unlock the research potency of historical newspapers ,2010. 13 I. H. Witten, E. Frank, and M. A. Hall, Data Mining, Morgan Kaufmann , Burlington, MA, 2011. 14 D. K. Hong, S. H. Yook, M. Y. Kim, Y. J. Park, H. S. Oh, D. H. Nam, and Y. B. Park, A Structural Analysis of Sanghanron by Network Model- Centered on Symptoms and Herbs of Taeyangbyung Compilation in Sanghanron, Korean Oriental Med,2011. 15 JiHoon Kang, Dong Hoon Yang, Young Bae Park, and Seoung Bum Kim, A Text Mining Approach to Find Patterns Associ ated with Diseases and Herbal Materials in Oriental Medicine ,201216 Mrs.K. Mythili, Professor, Department of Computer Applications, Hindusthan College of Arts and Science, Coimbatore -6, Tamilnadu. India , A Pattern Taxonomy Model with New Pattern Discovery Model for Text Mining ,2012. 17 KavithaMurugeshan, Neeraj RK, Detecting Forms to Produce Effective Output through Text Mining Using Naive Bayesian Algorithm ,2012.

Face to Face Communication Versus Computer Mediated Communication

Face to Face colloquy versus Computer Mediated conversation In the 21st century we are now living in, the rapid advancement of technology has completely changed our give outs, especially the tools we use to channel. In the olden eld where snail mail is star of the popular ways in communicating, plenty would rather choose interact exhibit to feeling because it is the only way that could physically maintain their relationship as they can see the facial expressions and body gestures shown by the psyche who conveys the message to them.Even now, some great deal still prefer manifestation to grammatical construction interaction over computer negotiate communicating because of the lack of non verbal cues in computer intermediate converse. However, with the invention of conglomerate computer mediated tools, slew have eventually replaced it with face to face talk without them realizing because apparently the inventions of Facebook, Twitter, Skype and many more serve a more convenient platform for people to communicate.Windows 7 Check Your UnderstandingAlthough face to face converse is a better way to convey messages and feelings to each some other, computer mediated communion makes our cognizes much easier. The first base difference that distinguishes between computer mediated communication and face to face communication is the effectiveness. Nowadays, nearly of us are very much depending on various social networking sites, for example the most common one- Facebook and Skype to enable us to communicate with people living on the other side of the world and even those who live close by.Using computer mediated communication for the purposes of interpersonal communication is a common tool for those who live a long distance away from one another, however multiple studies besides show that computer mediated communication is used to communicate with those who live close by or even among family members who live in the same household (Stafford, Kine. & Dimmick, 1999, Wellman 2008). Besides that, computer mediated communication is effective in divergent tasks such as idea generation.Computer mediated communication tools, also known as the group support system (GSS), provide a structured environment that allows participants in a collaborative team to interact simultaneously and anonymously to generate ideas, make decisions and solve problems (Jessup, Canolly & Tansik 1990). The reason why computer mediated communication is good in idea generation merely not in decision making is that the process of interacting through computer mediated communication might hinder the relationship between the sender and recipient role due to the lack of non-verbal feedback and this will probably delay in decision making.The lack of non-verbal cues makes accurate perception of emotions difficult and receivers may attribute more unbiased or negative meanings to messages than senders instead. Computer mediated communication lack of cues and that af fect the content of the messages cannot be transmitted effectively and that channel is unnatural and less effectual and efficient than face to face communication (Draft & Lengel, 1986 Kock, 2004 Kock, et. al 2008). By missing the cues, one will not be able to fully understand what the other party is trying to communicate.Apart from that, face to face communication is inconvenient for some people who stay far or overseas to interact face to face with the party they wish to see. They will need to function a long distance to reach the other party who they unavoidableness to convey the message to. However, it is effective in convergent tasks such as decision making. Face to face groups are better at decision making than computer mediated communication groups because they can more easily reach a consensus at the same time using immediate verbal and non-verbal feedback (Archee, 1993).Face to face discussion is faster and the feedback facilitated brook both visual and audio cues compar ed to the slow computer mediated groups due to the lack of non-verbal feedback and the occurring of uncertainty at others reaction towards their opinions. Face to face remains the most powerful human interaction, never replace intimacy and immediacy of people conversing in the same room (Begley, 2004). In addition, computer mediated communication and face to face communication provide different communication speed to people.In computer mediated communication, the message delivery is faster by just sending telecommunicate or just typing inbox message. The speed and ease of typing reduce the time taken in computer mediated interactions and ease the pressure on group members. As a result, the message might fail to deliver to the recipient. When the message is failed to deliver and users cannot depend on non-verbal cues, there is a higher risk that the ambiguity will increase, thus creating opportunity for miscommunication.Therefore, it is not a good idea to send urgent messages throu gh computer mediated communication because past the receiver might not check his/ her mail frequently or the internet happens to be down will lead to miscommunication. Whereas for face to face communication, people need to arrange time to meet up with the person whom they want to convey the message to. This will actually delay the time for the meeting if they couldnt find a suitable time to match with each others schedule. The receivers can instant feedback with clear verbal and non-verbal cues.Face to face communication allows participants to accurately observe both verbal and non-verbal of others. Subtle but important nuances such as voice inflections, hand gestures and facial expressions just dont contend across in an email message (McFerran, 2010). People will receive the feedback from the receiver on the spot without waiting for days and months. This is also enables the participants to adjust their communication according to the feedback. There is also a big difference in the cost aspect between face to face communication and computer mediated communication.People save the cost and effort of travelling and gathering everyone in the same place at the same time. They can contact each other by using computer mediated programs such as Skype, Facebook, Twitter and so on. Skype is also one of the computer mediated programs that allows face to face communication by using the webcam function. People can see each other and interact by using the application of Skype. Therefore, those who stay far away from each other and wish to have face to face interaction, they can communicate using Skype which provides both interaction in one shot.Moreover, computer mediated communication has also become one of the most cost effective ways of conducting businesses such as online boutique, online shopping store, online booking and so on. This enables those online companies to save the monthly fees such as rental fees, the salary for employees, water and electricity bills and s o on. Additionally, customers can also order or comment about the services or products of those online companies via email. This is convenient for both the customers and also the companies as the companies will know the feedback provided by the customers by just checking their mailbox.For instance, the company can save the travelling cost for business purpose as they can reply their customers feedback through email. This shows that implementing computer mediated communication systems in organization will mainly enhance the efficiency and cost. Besides, it is costly for those people who want to travel to a certain place if they want to meet with his or her friends, family or even relatives. It requires expensive higher cost of travelling fees such as bus ticket , taxi fees, airline ticket and so on especially during those important festivals or celebrations.Furthermore, this is also time consuming and causing the person to be exhausted throughout the long journey if he or she stays f ar away from the destination. Also, the person who conducts the business using face to face communication will need to pay for the business travelling fees. According to the report by Harvard Business Review Analytic Services, most of the people describe their companies have instituted business travel restrictions, including limitations on the frequency of travel (57%), on the cost of airline tickets (57%) and in accommodation (51%).This shows that face to face communication causes a large amount of cost for the business travelling and thats the reason why the company implements this kind of restriction. Nevertheless, face to face communication even causes people to spend the cost more the actual amount they have to pay to. For example, if there is something missed out during the gathering or meeting, the person must travel to meet up again and this requires cost and time. This might caused a big impact if that is an important issues missed out during the meeting with the client fr om other inelegant who carries an important business for the company.Also, the most important is it is hard to arrange the time to meet up as it is hard to match with each others schedule. The business cannot conduct smoothly and it will indirectly affect the performance of the company. In a nutshell, face to face interaction and computer mediated communication have their own benefits and majority of the people has known it. However, undoubtedly, computer mediated communication has already replaced face to face interaction without anybody realizing and its the most convenient tool to communicate with each other.Although it is hard to deny that face to face is also an alternative way for humans communication, computer mediated communication has becoming more and more powerful and yet to be the major tool for our communication purpose. Thats why people nowadays often communicate using computer mediated communication which is an easiest way to stay connected with each other no matter who come from different part of the world. References An,Y-J. & Frick, T. (2006). student perceptions of asynchronous computer-mediated communication in face-to-face courses.Journal of computer-mediated communication. Vol. 11 (2) Bordia,P. (1997, January). Face-to-face Versus Computer-Mediated Communication A Synthesis of the Experimental Literature. Journal of Business Communication. Vol. 34 (1) Lee. C. (2010). Face-to-face Versus Computer-mediated Communication Exploring Employees Preference of Effective Employee Communication Channel. International Journal for the Advancement of Science & Arts. Vol. 1 (2) Mc. Ferran. J (2010, November 12). Face to Face Communication Still Best way to Get Job Done.In Winnipeg Free Press. Retrieved February 25,2013, from http//www. winnipegfreepress. com/business/face-to-face-communication-still-best-way-to-get-job-done-111714554. html Managing Across Distance in Todays Economic Climate The value of face-to-face communication. In Harvard Business Review. Retrieved February 25, 2013. From http//hbr. org/hbr-main/resources/pdfs/marketing/15426_HBRAS_BA_Report. pdf Perry, M. (2010, April). Face-to-face Versus Computer Mediated Communication Couples Satisfaction and Experience Across Conditions ( Masters Thesis)

Choosing Hardware Essay

T he computer system that is already installed leave not meet the Theme Parks requirements because it is inadequate. The jam (system memory) is about 4000 megabytes too small and would wholly last for a very short period of time, thus making it a rather expensive mistake. The hard drive is besides 10 gigabytes, making it 990 gigabytes short of what you would need. The optical drive is out of date it is the equivalent of video in todays world. The USB is out of date and with the newfangled USB 3, which has been dubbed the super go USB3, can transport files in seconds not minutes or hours.The CPU goes at a snails pace. There is no artistic production rationaliseing programme it save has Windows media centre, which can only let you print photos out and pretty soon, they will stop making updates for Windows XP. The printer only prints out 18ppm when I would recommend having Brother HL-5370DW Mono because the first page can come out in 8. 5 seconds, with a maximum of 30 ppm wi th a resolution of 1200 x 1200 which means you can print out visitors photos quicker than the elder system and prevents annoyed customers having to wait for their souvenir photos, thus increase business.I would suggest upgrading to HP Touchsmart 600. With a touchscreen, there is no need to have a mouse. It is 10 times quicker, for the particular requirements the Theme Park will need which is an improvement over the obsolescent VDU. It has an Intel Core 2 Duo Processor which is an improvement on the old system. As far as the RAM is concerned, I recommend having 4GB which is a substantial improvement on the 64MB. The hard drive has a huge improvement to 1TB over the old system of only 10 GB.The optical drive would be brought up to the 21st century by having the new computers optical drive DVD rewriter which is a great improvement over the previous system. The DVD rewriter means you can record to it and play which is not possible on the CD-Rom. The graphics card can be improved to the GeForce G2000 which is yet another improvement over the old system. The improved graphics card helps you to have quicker and break out graphical enhancements on your VDU.The software I would recommend loading onto the new system, which the old system didnt have, is a graphical editing programme. The programme I would recommend is called CorelDraw X3, which has a professional artist working on the making of the programme, so you can have professionally done films with intuitive drawing features and an wakeful to follow instruction manual. The new system comes with Windows 7, which has features such as touchscreen capabilities and I mentioned how useful these could be above.They have features like Snap and Aero which are not lay down in XP. It is also more(prenominal) secure than XP with data encryption built into Windows 7. I would also recommend a Super Speed USB 3, which can take away files in the blink of an eye, making it quicker to transfer to digital photo frames for a technologically advanced souvenir. I believe that the new system meets and exceeds the specification, with volume of time saving devices meaning that business would increase and higher quality photos would be produced, and you can improve photos using CorelDrawUsers may need training in the new recommended system because Windows 7 is new and not many sight will have used it, but once the expense of training and buying the equipment has passed, it will be quicker and easier to use. Simple Report to David and rest of staff. The reasons why the new system has computer parts that they are quicker and with more memory, is that the old system has the equivalent memory of a goldfish. My recommended system has the memory of an elephant. The programmes recommended may be complicated but after training, make life much easier and more amazing compared to the XP Media centre edition.The improvements will be speed, usability and memory requirements. The speed is quicker because it has a proce ssor (CPU) which is a newer one and unlike the one in the old processor, has one processor within the unit. The new one has double the processors in the unit. The usability of the old system needed a mouse and partially sighted people would find it difficult to see the mouse cursor, so the Touchscreen I have recommended would get rid of the need for a mouse, so it is much easier for everyone to use.The memory in the old system was poor. The memory in the new system is vastly increased, more than 10 times. Once trained in the new editing bundle I have recommended, CorelDraw, the Staff can produce great looking professional photos like the ones in magazines. . The resolution is the same for both printers, but the speed is massively improved which will help you with editing as you can print it off much quicker. The printer in the old system is belatedly to print, resulting in annoyed employees and customers.The printer I recommended for the new system is just over double the speed an d prints at 33 ppm, and with the first page make in 8. 4 seconds for a speedy delivery, this will provide a superior service with an increased profit margin. The old system is slow and not very user-friendly and the new system allows an increased productivity and an increased target audience, e. g. , help for dyslexics, partially-sighted people, and even blind people. The CorelDraw programme will allow you to edit photos 10 times easier than with your old system, with increased tools to add to the overall effect of the photos.

Fundamental Principles to Adult Education Essay

Adult educations principal and fundamental principle is to harness and enhance adult exclusives skill and association to be productive contributors to the alliance. Adult learners are provided then with programs and adult education movement for granting more opportunities for their advancement, as their success is regarded as the societys growth as well. Adult learners should be educated non only for increase of knowledge but overly for gaining more intrinsic values as they were expected to give more of themselves and contribute in productivity of the society they belong.Fundamental Principles to Adult Education Being a teacher of a particular credit-based community college course is a very serious and tedious task. Since there would be a variety of 35 students whose age ambit vary from 17- 70 years old, this would certainly mean a big challenge for the instructors part, in order to teach and provide acquisition effectively. Malcolm S. Knowles, a prominent writer and instru ctor, advocated the theory of non-formal (informal) andragogy or adult education in the United States.He taught various principles and wrote numerous detailed accounts discussing on how to accelerate learning especially for the adults. Applying clinical Rogerian psychology in his writings and teaching in result, he was able to train his students to see the attitude of being self-motivated. Furthermore, Knowles initiated the liaison for implementation of informal adult education and he differentiated the advantages of the informal education, to the standard, traditional formal education.According to Knowles, formal education are mostly implement and commonly used in secondary educational schools, commerce schools, and universities whereas in informal adult education, students are just likely to complete credits on particular vocational or training courses and their classes are to be held on community center unions, and opposite industries and even churches. Moreover, formal educ ation requires that of being fixed for completion of long term four-year course or more when the latter (informal education) serves to be more temporary and flexible.However, it does not mean that informal education is not serious, the system just purports to be flexible enough to meet the needs of the adults who may be busy with their lives (job, family, religious and other activities). And these cases meet the demands of several adults who would ask to re-educate themselves and to refresh their knowledge and learning from their vast experience, or to simply increase and gain more knowledge and training from their desires course of interest.In brief, Malcolm Knowles acknowledged the change magnitude demand and importance of adult education in the present 20th century. Knowles objective of real learning in adults, he emphasizes that an adult learner should acquire self-concept, readiness to learn, experience, orientation towards learning, and especially, the motivation to learn ( Smith, 2002). On the other hand, a professor in New Zealand named, T. A. hunting watch, also propounded the proliferation and development of an adult education movement.Hunters principle of education is grounded on his belief that education is depicted to the successful adjustment of a man to physical and social changes in iodins environment. His blueprint for adult education is the successful integration of biological, physiological, sociocultural, and cognitive knowledge derived from the informal training or education (Hunter, 1929). Adult education should principally function to harness and enhance adult individuals skill and knowledge. Adult learners at the same time should still be given the probability for advancement since their success is the societys growth as well.Adult learners should be educated not only for increase of knowledge but also for gaining more integral values as they were expected to give more of themselves and contribute in productivity of the society th ey belong. In addition, this adult education is more of an inspiration among individuals who are in search for more adequate and applicable learning, and is regarded as an opportunity to success with ones endeavors and purpose of serving the society (UNESCO, 1960). Fundamental principles of adult education then, should be grounded on the realistic and objective goal of learning.Education as embedded in the infinite realm of knowledge should be available to everyone regardless of age, sex, race, ethnicity, and culture. Adult education, as it plays a significant role and is the demand of most populace, should be taken seriously to address the learners need for proper, adequate, and effective learning. Moreover, there is a call for the government, to increase attention for the provision of the proper adult education. Increase of funding for the adult learners facilities, venues, and other learning tools is urgent to make this effective learning possible (UNESCO, 1960).ReferencesHunter, T. A. (1929, July 1). Adult education. The New Zealand Railways Magazine, 4, 3. Retrieved from October 13, 2008, from http//www. nzetc. org/tm/scholarly/tei- Gov04_03Rail-t1-body-d7. html Smith, M. (2002) Malcolm Knowles, informal adult education, self-direction and Anadragogy. Tthe encyclopaedia of informal Education. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http//www. infed. org/thinkers/et-knowl. htm UNESCO. (1960). World conference on adult education. Retrieved October 13, 2008, from http//www. unesco. org/education/uie/confintea/montre_e. pdf